GEOGRAPHY
B.A./B.Sc. (General)
Third Year PAPER-III: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
[Full Marks: 100
Objectives:
The course in aimed at presenting a comprehensive,integrated and empirically based profile of India. Besides, the objective is and to highlight the country. The course is designed so as to present the role of the geographical positioning of India in moulding its geopolitical persoanaliry and its inter relations with other countries.
Course Contents:
Unit-I: Major terrain elements of India and their role in shaping physical landscape of India. Drainage systems of India and their functional significance. The morphological regions of India.
Unit - II: Regional and seasonal variation of climate. The Monosoon, western disturbance, norwesters, Climatic regions of India, soil types of India-their distribution and characteristics Vegetation types and their distribution.
Forests, minerals and power resources- The status of their use and need for conservation.
Unit III : Spatial distribution of population and density; socio economic implications of population explosion; urbanization, agricultural growth during the plan period; Green Revolution visa-vis traditional farming; regionalisation of Indian agriculture. Industrial development and Indian economy; Industrial regions of India and their industrial structure..
Suggested Readings:
1. Deshpande C. D.: Indian-A Regional Interpretation Northern Book centre, New Delhi, 1992.
2. Farmer, B. H. -An Introduction to south Asia., Methuean, London. 1983.
Pedagogy:
Large-scale maps and illustrations through slide projectors/ epidiascope, video show of the specific themes are advisable to create interest amongst the students. The student teacher interaction should be encouraged. The students should also be motivated to read. daily newspapers to relate events, areas places from regional geographical perspective.
PRACTICAL PAPER
PAPER-III:(B)
The course has been divided into Three Units. There shall be three questions, one from each unit, and examinees shall be required to answer all questions.
The examination shall be of three hours duration and shall carry 25 marks.
Unit- I: Surveying with the help of Plane Table and prismaic Compass.10 marks
Unit-II Purveying with the help of level and clinometer 10 marks
Unit-III: Record of Practical class work and viva-voice 5 marks
Books Recommeded:
1. Sinha & Dutta: Elements of Prctical Geography.
2. Singh & Kanaujia: Practical Geography.
GEOGRAPHYB.A./B.SC. (Honours) PAPER-V: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Objectives:
(Full Marks: 100
The course in aimed at presenting a comprehensive, integrated and empirically based profile of India. Besides, the objective is to highlight the linkages of systematic geography of India with the regional personality of the country. The course is designed so as to present the role of the geographical positioning of India in moulding its geopolitical personality and its inter relation with other countries.
Course contents :
Unit-I:
Indian in the context of South east and South Asia: India: A land of diversities; unity within diversities.
Major terrain elements of India and their role in shaping physical landscape of India.
Drainage systems of India and their functional significance. The morphological regions of India.
Unit-II:
Regional and Seasonal variations of climate- The monsoon. western disturbance, nor westers climatic regions of India. Soil types of India their distribution and characteristics; vegetation types and their distribution.
Forests, minerale and power resources-The status of their use and need for conservation.
Unit-III: Spatial distribution of population and density; socio-economic implications of population explosion: urbanization, changing nature of Indian economy. Agricultural growth during the plan period; Green Revolution vis-a-vis traditional farming regionalisation of Indian agriculture, and typology of agricultural regions and their relevance in agricultural developing planning. Industrial developments and Indian economy industrial regions of India and their industrial structure, composition of domestic and international trade.
Unit IV:
Basic of regional divisions of India macro, meso and micro-regions of India-their comparative analysis Resources Regions of India. regional planning of rural and urban regions.
Unit V:Contemporary issues regional disparity: poverty. population explosion, globalization. Impact of development on Environment. Social and ethic tension, gender discrimination and empowerment of women.
Suggested Readings:
1. Deshpande C. D.: India-A Regional Interpretation Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1992.
2. Farmer. B. H. An Introduction to south Asia Methuen, London, 1983.
Pedagogy:
Large-scale maps and illustrations through slide project epidiascope, video show of the specific themes are advisable to create interest amongst the students. The student teacher interaction be encouraged. The students should also be motivated to daily newspapers to relate events, areas places from regional perspective.
RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
PAPER-VI
[Full Marks: 100
Objectives:
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of resource geography and its interface with environment. The course aims to provide an understanding of the existing reality of resource utilization and environmental depletion: further aims to sensitize the students to the concept of sustainable resource use and sustainable development.
A. RESOURCES
Course content
Unit-I : Meaning, nature and components of resources and environment. Resources and environment interface.
Classification of resources : renewable and non-renewabie: biotic (forests, wild-life2. live stock. fisheries, agriculture crops) and a biotic (land, water, mineral)
Unit-II: Distribution and utilization of water: minerals and energy resources, their economic and environmental significance and conservation. Types and distribution of forests, flora, fauna and fisheries-their economic and environmental significance and conservation. Major soil types and their distribution: problems of soil erosion and soil conservation.
Unit-III: Number, density, growth and distribution of population: population pressure and resource utilization.
Unit-IV: Classification of Environment. Natural and Human. Manenvironment interrelations with respect to population size types of economy, and technology: exploitation of natural resources and environmental hazards.
Unit-V: Emerging environmental issues-population explosions: food security: defrorestation, global warming conservation of biodiversity; sustainable development.
Suggested Readings:
1. Agrawal. A. et. al: The Citizen's Fifth Report Centre for Science & Environment, New Delhi, 1999.
2. Alexander, John. W.: Economic Geography Hall of India Ltd. New Delhi.l 988,
Pedagogy:
While discussing issues of resources in relation to environment, recent data be provided to the students. Audio visual aids will help the students in understanding the issues of population explosion and environmental degradation.
PAPER-VII: OPTIONAL/THEORY PAPER
The paper consists of Optional groups. Candidates are required to select any one of the following group. Each group carrying 100 marks. The course of each group has been divided into Five Units. There shall be Ten questions of which Two questions shall be set from each group unit. The examinees shall be required to answer Five questions selecting One from each unit.
PAPER-VII: APPLIED GEOGRAPHY
[Full Marks: 100
ridentiteter
Objetives:
To understand the Prevalent issues in environment. society and economy and to provide a geographical interpretation with special reference to India.
Course Contents :
Unit-I:
Nature. Scope and content of applied geography identification of problems of interdisciplinary nature like environment resource base resource use , development and disparity.
Unit-I:
Issues related to variations in physical environment. Variations in land quality affecting agricultural productivity: environmental cegradation. environmental disaster and environmental numbers management.
Unit-III:
Issues related to human resources: quality Vs numbers : social and demographic issues; diversity and disparity: carrying capacity of the earth: human resources use and manpower planning.
Unit IV:
Issues related to economy, spatial organization of economic activities (like agriculture. Industry, transport, trade, etc.) spatial inequalities causes and consequences.
Unit-V:
Environment and sustainable development with a focus on man environment relationship. Review of policies related to planning formulatd form local, regional and national level with special reference to India.
Suggested Readings:
1. Dohrs., F. E. and Sommers L. W. (eds.). Introduction to Geography. Thomas Y. Crowell Co.. New York, 1967.
2. Harshorne Richard perspective on the Nature of Geography Rand McNally & Co. Chicago, 1959.
Pedagogy:
Exposure to media :
National Five Year Plan documents and publications related to planning.
Field work related to land use and other socio-economic issues.
PAPER-VII: BIOGEOGRAPHY
[Full Marks: 100
Objetives:
The purpose of this paper is to appraise the students of interrelationships among the living organisms withing the environment and the importance of conservation of biosphere and biodiversity.
Course Contents:
Unit-1: Definition, scope an significance Bio-geography: Basic ecological principles: Bio-energy cycle in the terresterial ecosystem; energy budget of the earth; Trophic levels and food chain; Darwin's theroy of evolution; Concepts of Biome, Ecotone and Community.
Unit-II: Origin of fauna and flora: major gene-centres; domestication of plants and animals and their dispersal agents and routs, distributing of plant life on the earth and its relation to soil, climate and human activities .Geographical distribution of animal life on the earth and its relation on vegetation types, climate and human activities.
Unit-III: Communities;- nature of communities and ecosystems; biodiversities; human induced community change, habita decay and conservation Industrial efflluent and its effect on fresh water and marine biology; management practices (special reference to India.)
Uinit-IV: Study of any two of the following Ecological regions of India in relation to their plant and animal life, their interrelation, problems conservation and management:
(a) Mangrove (b) Tropical rainforest (c) Desert (d) Mountain (e) Fresh water and marine.
Sugested Reading
1. Barry, C.: Biogeography-An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. Cox blanck well Oxford, 1977,
2. Hagget, R.J. Fundamentals of Biogeography, Routidege, London, 1988.
Pedagogy:
Use of overhead projector and 35 mm colour slides may be prepared and different plant species may be explained film on vegetation types and wild life may be arranged from Dept. of Environment and Forests./ State/Central Government or procured for display. Students may be encouraged to watch Discovery channel on Television.
PAPER-VII: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY
[Full Marks: 100
Objetives:
The aims of this course are to acquaint the students with the spatial and structural characteristics of human settlements under varied environmental conditions.
To enable them to diagnose special issues related to urban and rural settlements.
To enable the students to equip themselves for a career various agencies linked with the socio-economic well being of human communities and planning of human settlements.
Course Contents:
Unit-I: Nature, scope and content, Definition urban and rural settlements merits and limitations.
Unit-II:Settlement site and structure: Internal morohology, external form; field patterns, functions house-types
Unit III:Spatial Organization: Size, spacing and heierachy of settlement; emergence and characteristics of urban settlements
Unit IV: Settlement-Environment relationship; global and regional pattern ; policies;and programmes.
Unit-V: Salient features of human settlements in India.
Suggested Readings :
1. Bose, A.:India'slirbanization, 1947-2004, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
2. Carter, H.: The Study of Urban Geography, Edward Arnold, London, 1972. settlement
Pedagogy:
Students should have access to multi-media and multidisciplinary approach to the understanding of human settlement issues.
They should use topographical sheets. Cadestral maps. City guide maps,Census Atlases.
The Course should include field study to obtain insight into settelment patterns under different environment millien
Students should be encouraged to study the City Master plans.
PAPER-VII: POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
[Full Marks: 100
Objetives:
The course is meant to provide and understanding of spatial and structural dimentions of populations and the emerging Issues. The course furthers aimed at familiarizing the students with global and regional level problems and also equip them for comprehensing the Indian situation.
Course Contents:
Unit-I: Nature, scope and contents of Population Geography: sources of data.
Unit-II: Spatial pattern of distribution-density and growth of population: determinants.of world regional patterns the Indian science.
Unit-III: Composition of Population: Age and Sex composition: rural urban composition: economic composition determinants: world regional patterns: compositionof Population in India.
Unit IV: Migration : Classification, determinants and consequences of migration world regional patterns, migration in India.
Unit-V: Population and Environment interface; Cause effect syndrome, global and Indian profile.
Suggested Readings :
1. Beaujen Garnier, J.: Geography of Population (Translated H.) Longmans, London, 1966.
2. Census of India 2001 Series-India Provisional Population Total Published by Registrar General & Census Commissioner India, 2001.
Pedagogy :
Use Maps and Atlases.
Students should be uncouraged to read Population Clock.
Consult Census Publications.
Organise field work Full
Organise discussions on population issues.
PAPER-VII- GEOGRAPHY PAPER-VII: POLITICAL
Full Marks: 100
Objetives:
To familiarize the students with the geographical factors which have a bearing on the The political /administrative organization of space. To enchance awarenes of multi dimensional nature of geo-political space.
Course contents;
Unit 1: Nature. scope and subject matter of political geography, political geography and geopolitics approaches to the study of political geography, morphological functional and unifield field theroy. Role of physical demographic, economic, socio-cultural and historical factors in the emergence of states.
Unit II: State as a political-territorial phenomenon : Changing nature of location size and shape in politiçal geography of states. Political and administrative framework and its hierachical relationship to unitary and federal forms of governance. Boundaries and frontiers.
Unit- III: Functions and classification of international boundaries. Global strategic views : the views of Mackinder, spykman; de. Seversky, and Mahan and their relevance to contemporary world situation.
Unit-IV: Under development and international policies. The North-South dialogue: SAARC and ASEAN the new International Economics order. International tensions: Identification of tensions areas and factors contributing to tensional in different areas; West Asia. and Indian Ocean region: Regionalism in International relations.
Unit-V: Geopolitical dimensions of environment.
Suggested Readings;
1. Bhagwati, J. N. (Ed.): New International Economic Orders The North - South Debate, M.I.T. Press; London, 1976.
2. Dikshit, R.D.: Political Geography: A contemporary Perspective, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1982 (Alsolates edition.)
Pedagogy:
Field work to understand the political/administrative boundary configurations and people's problems and perceptions.
Consult political maps (large scale, small scale )
Atlases and archival records.
Collect relevant newspapers items for discussion.
PAPER-VIII: PRACTICAL
PAPER
[Full Marks: 100
The course has been divided into Five units. There shall be Five questions, one from each unit, and examinees shall be required to answer all questions. The examination shall be of 4 hours durations and shall carry 100 marks
Unit I: Plane table survey. Resectioning Open and Close Traverse with Prismatic Compass. Acquaintance with Theodolite and Peanlmeter --- 20 marks
Unit II: Determination of latitude with the help of meridian atitude of stars, Determination of TIME; Solar time, siderial time, equation of time; Acquainance with types of Scale (scale of sphere cube: 10 marks circle, square vernier and logarithmic) -10 marks
Unit-III: Project report: A short analysis with maps based collected data and field study on any geographical topic approved by the Head of the Department: -30 marks
Unit-IV: Identification of common mineral and rocks -10 marks
Unit-V: Evaluation of classwork Practical record will be done at the time of Viva voice examination - 20 marks
Report of geographical excursion arranged by the Department. - 10 marks
Suggested Readings:
1. Singh, R.L.: Practical Geography, Singh
2. R. L. & Dutt, P. K.: Elements of Practical Geography.